{"id":8201,"date":"2026-05-20T15:42:42","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T15:42:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunrui-controls.com\/?p=8201"},"modified":"2026-05-20T16:49:49","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T16:49:49","slug":"understanding-gauge-and-absolute-pressure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunrui-controls.com\/ru\/understanding-gauge-and-absolute-pressure\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-path-to-node=\"2\">\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438-\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u041f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c (\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c) \u0438 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c (\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c) \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"4\">01 \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u041c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<table data-path-to-node=\"6\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0444\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u044b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u041d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0427\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0435<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,1,0,0\">\u041c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,1,1,0\">\u0413, \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0433, \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0433<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,1,2,0\">\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,1,3,0\">0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,1,4,0\">\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,2,0,0\">\u0410\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,2,1,0\">A, bara, psia<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,2,2,0\">\u0418\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c (\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,2,3,0\">\u2248 101,3 \u043a\u041f\u0430 (14,7 psi)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,2,4,0\">\u041f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u0430\u0440<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,3,0,0\">\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,3,1,0\">S, bargS<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,3,2,0\">\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,3,3,0\">\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"6,3,4,0\">\u0412\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b, \u043c\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"7\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,0,0\">\u041c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (G): \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0439, \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7,1,0\">\u0410\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (A): \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u0430 (\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f). \u041e\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"9\">02 \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10\">\u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u041f\u041b\u041a (DCS\/PLC) \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432:<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11\">\u0410\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 = \u041c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 + \u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11\">\u0418\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a: Pabs = Pgauge + Patm<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12\">\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 101,325 \u043a\u041f\u0430 (1 \u0430\u0442\u043c) \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445. \u0412 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"13\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\">\u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u044b: \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 12 \u043a\u041f\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0435 1000 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\">\u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b: \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e, \u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044e.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435: \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"15\">03 \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"16\">\u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"17\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"17,0,0\">\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"17,0,0\">\u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430 (PV=nRT), \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 (\u041d\u043c\u00b3\/\u0447) \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c 15%.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"17,1,0\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"17,1,0\">\u0412 \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u0430) \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"17,2,0\">\u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"17,2,0\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435. \u041e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043a\u0430\u043c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"19\">04 \u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c<\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"20\">\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435:<\/p>\n<table data-path-to-node=\"21\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,1,0,0\">\u041c\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,1,1,0\">\u041c\u041f\u0430<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,1,2,0\">1 \u041c\u041f\u0430 = 10 \u0431\u0430\u0440 = 1000 \u043a\u041f\u0430<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,1,3,0\">1 \u041c\u041f\u0430 \u2248 145,038 psi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,2,0,0\">\u0411\u0430\u0440<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,2,1,0\">\u0431\u0430\u0440<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,2,2,0\">1 \u0431\u0430\u0440 = 100 \u043a\u041f\u0430 = 0,1 \u041c\u041f\u0430<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,2,3,0\">1 \u0431\u0430\u0440 \u2248 14,5038 psi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,3,0,0\">\u041a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,3,1,0\">\u043a\u041f\u0430<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,3,2,0\">1 \u043a\u041f\u0430 = 1000 \u041f\u0430 = 0,01 \u0431\u0430\u0440<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,3,3,0\">1 \u043a\u041f\u0430 \u2248 0,145 psi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,4,0,0\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,4,1,0\">\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,4,2,0\">1 \u0430\u0442\u043c = 101,325 \u043a\u041f\u0430<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,4,3,0\">1 \u0430\u0442\u043c = 760 \u043c\u043c \u0440\u0442. \u0441\u0442.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,5,0,0\">\u041c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0440\u0442\u0443\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0430<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,5,1,0\">\u043c\u043c \u0440\u0442. \u0441\u0442.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,5,2,0\">760 \u043c\u043c \u0440\u0442. \u0441\u0442. = 1 \u0430\u0442\u043c<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,5,3,0\">1 \u043c\u043c \u0440\u0442. \u0441\u0442. \u2248 133,322 \u041f\u0430<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,6,0,0\">\u0424\u0443\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u044e\u0439\u043c<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,6,1,0\">\u043f\u0441\u0438<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,6,2,0\">1 psi \u2248 6,895 \u043a\u041f\u0430<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,6,3,0\">14,5038 psi \u2248 1 \u0431\u0430\u0440<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,7,0,0\">\u041a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c-\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432. \u0441\u043c<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,7,1,0\">\u043a\u0433\u0441\/\u0441\u043c\u00b2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,7,2,0\">1 \u043a\u0433\u0441\/\u0441\u043c\u00b2 \u2248 0,098 \u041c\u041f\u0430 \u2248 1 \u0431\u0430\u0440<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"21,7,3,0\">\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a 1 \u043a\u0433 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"23\">05 \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24\">\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0444\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"25\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25,0,0\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438: \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0444\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 Rosemount \u0438\u043b\u0438 Endress+Hauser (E+H) \u0441\u0443\u0444\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441 G (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, Rosemount 3051GP) \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a, \u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0444\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441 A (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, Rosemount 3051TA) \u2014 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 10%\u201320% \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25,1,0\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0414\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (L-\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0435\u043c\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u044c\u044e, \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0423 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"25,2,0\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0435 6\u201312 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u041c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0435, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e 101,3 \u043a\u041f\u0430). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e 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However, process engineers and technicians frequently misinterpret pressure readings during site commissioning or data calculations. Confusing gauge pressure (Gauge Pressure) with absolute pressure (Absolute Pressure) often leads to flow measurement errors, incorrect valve operations, and potential [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[384,1],"tags":[411,427,412,413,414,415,416,417,418,419,420,421,422,407,423,408,424,409,425,410,426,285],"class_list":["post-8201","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","category-blogs","tag-process-control","tag-b2b-industrial-supply","tag-pressure-transmitter","tag-rosemount","tag-fisher-valves","tag-eh","tag-pressure-unit-conversion","tag-differential-pressure","tag-vacuum-systems","tag-compressor-control","tag-flow-measurement","tag-industrial-automation","tag-oil-and-gas","tag-gauge-pressure","tag-chemical-processing","tag-absolute-pressure","tag-power-generation","tag-pressure-measurement","tag-instrument-calibration","tag-industrial-instrumentation","tag-xian-yunrui","tag-endresshauser"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v26.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gauge Pressure vs Absolute Pressure: Industrial Measurement Guide | Xi&#039;an Yunrui<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn the critical differences between gauge pressure and absolute pressure for industrial applications. 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